See pilum on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "la",
"3": "pilum"
},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "pila",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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{
"ref": "1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, page 21:",
"text": "Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidable pilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Ben Aaronovitch, Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, page 371:",
"text": "Verica plucked a pilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Roman military javelin."
],
"id": "en-pilum-en-noun-KHCr9WWL",
"links": [
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Roman military javelin."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pilum",
"sense": "Roman military javelin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пилум"
},
{
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}
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
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"Sciences",
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"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
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"Fundamental",
"Body"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The columella on the surface of a pollen grain."
],
"id": "en-pilum-en-noun-pKEiRMCL",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"columella",
"columella"
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[
"pollen grain",
"pollen grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɪləm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
}
],
"word": "pilum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"args": {
"1": "m"
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"expansion": "pilum m (plural pilums)",
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"_dis": "10 25 57 3 3 2",
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{
"_dis": "8 34 52 2 2 1",
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"pilum"
],
"id": "en-pilum-fr-noun-ClsKVd97",
"links": [
[
"pilum",
"pilum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "pilum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "English: pile",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: pile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "French: pile",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "French: pile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfeil"
},
"expansion": "German: Pfeil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pfeil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pilo",
"3": "pillo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pilo, pillo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pilo, pillo"
},
{
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"templates": [
{
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"1": "pt",
"2": "pilo",
"lbor": "1"
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}
],
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},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pil"
},
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"name": "desc"
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],
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},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pilo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pilo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pil"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: pil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: pil"
}
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{
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"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pistlom"
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},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pistlom"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum and pīla.",
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{
"form": "pīlum",
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]
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"source": "declension",
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "pīlī",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
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{
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"lang_code": "la",
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"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pīnsō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pounder, pestle"
],
"id": "en-pilum-la-noun-QUJnHj8Z",
"links": [
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
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{
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],
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"a javelin, throwing spear"
],
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[
"javelin",
"javelin"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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}
],
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{
"extra": "hair",
"word": "pilus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of pilus (“hair”)"
],
"id": "en-pilum-la-noun-a7oGypZl",
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[
"pilus",
"pilus#Latin"
]
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"word": "pilum"
}
{
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
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"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/aɪləm/2 syllables",
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"Terms with Swedish translations",
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"en:Spears",
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{
"form": "pila",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"plural"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, page 21:",
"text": "Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidable pilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Ben Aaronovitch, Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, page 371:",
"text": "Verica plucked a pilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Roman military javelin."
],
"links": [
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Roman military javelin."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The columella on the surface of a pollen grain."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"columella",
"columella"
],
[
"pollen grain",
"pollen grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɪləm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pilum",
"sense": "Roman military javelin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пилум"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Roman military javelin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kastspjut"
}
],
"word": "pilum"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
"la:Spears"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"1": "m"
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"expansion": "pilum m (plural pilums)",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
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"glosses": [
"pilum"
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"links": [
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"pilum",
"pilum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "pilum"
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{
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
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"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Spears"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "English: pile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "French: pile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfeil"
},
"expansion": "German: Pfeil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pfeil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pilo",
"3": "pillo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pilo, pillo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pilo, pillo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pilo",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: pilo (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: pilo (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pil"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pilo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pilo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pil"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: pil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: pil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pistlom"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pistlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pistlom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum and pīla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pīlum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pīla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlum<2>"
},
"expansion": "pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pīnsō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pounder, pestle"
],
"links": [
[
"pounder",
"pounder"
],
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a javelin, throwing spear"
],
"links": [
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:pilum"
],
"word": "pilum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Spears"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pilum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hair",
"word": "pilus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of pilus (“hair”)"
],
"links": [
[
"pilus",
"pilus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:pilum"
],
"word": "pilum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pilum meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.